Carolinea 74

84 Carolinea 74 (2016) dae and differs greatly from Belba in which there is no such extreme reduction in the length and diameter of seta d of tibia IV when compared to the remaining setae and in which the solenidion φ of tibia IV is relatively short, not elongate and tactile, based on the descriptions in G randjean (1936), M ärkel & M eyer (1960), B ulanova - Z ach ­ vatkina (1962), N orton (1979c), E nami (1989, 1994), W ang & N orton (1995), T olstikov (1996), and B ayartogtokh (2000). Tarsal setation Tokukobelba is characterized by the presence of 22 and 18 setae on the tarsi of legs I and II, respectively (Figs 4-5), while 17 setae are usu- ally found on tarsus III, and 14 on tarsus IV (Figs 6-7). Here ventral setae v1´, v1´´, v2´and v2´´ are found on tarsus I, setae v1´, v1´´ and v2´ on tarsus II, and setae v1´, v1´´ on both tarsus III and IV. This setation pattern is unique within Damaeidae. Only in Epidamaeus folium F ujikawa & F ujita , 1985, based on the original description, and in Epidamaeus tenuissimus H ammer , 1967, ( B ehan - P elletier & N orton 1985) has the pres- ence of 22 setae on tarsus I so far been detected. However, in both of these species 19 setae are found on tarsus II instead ( B eha n- P elletier & N orton 1985, F ujikawa & F ujita 1985). In the vast majority of Damaeidae, including the genera Belba , Metabelba and Dyobelba only 20 setae occur on tarsus I. Solely in a small number of species of the huge genus Epidamaeus B u - lanova - Z achvatkina , 1957, ( B ehan - P elletier & N orton 1983, F ujikawa & F ujita 1985, B ayartog - tokh 2004b), in Spatiodamaeus B ulanova -Z ach - vatkina , 1957, ( N orton 1977b, M iko 2006a), and in the majority of the representatives of Damaeus ( G randjean 1960a, N orton 1977b, 1978a), in- cluding the subgenus Tectodamaeus A oki , 1984, ( W ang & Cui 1994, E nami & A oki 1998, X ie & Y ang 2009) are 21 setae present on tarsus I.Where 21 setae are found on tarsus I in these species, with setae v1´, v1´´and v2´ present, and seta v2´´ ab- sent, the seta v2´ is generally present on the tarsi of legs II-IV as well, resulting in a tarsal setation formula of 21-18-18-15 ( N orton 1977b), very dif- ferent from that of Tokukobelba . In Tokukobelba the setae v1´, v1´´, v2´ and v2´´ of tarsus I arise in the adult stage, being absent in the tritonymph (Fig. 18). In those damaeids with 21 setae on tarsus I, such as Damaeus and Spatiodamaeus seta v1´ is tritonymphal in ori- gin instead with v1´´ and v2´ added in the adult ( N orton 1977b). An ontogeny of setae v1 and v2 on tarsus I identical to Tokukobelba is extremely rare in the Brachypylina, but is known from Noth­ rina van der H ammen , 1982, such as Novonothrus H ammer , 1986, ( C asanueva & N orton 1997). The occurrence of a supernumerary tarsal setation in Damaeus , Spatiodamaeus and some Epidamae­ us frequently is correlated with the evolution of very elongate legs, including long tarsi ( B ehan - P elletier & N orton 1985). The short stubby legs typical of Tokukobelba however contrast greatly with those of species like Epidamaeus tenuis­ simus , where the length of leg IV equals between 2 and 3 times the body length ( B ehan - P elletier & N orton 1985). In almost all species of Belba for which a de- scription of the leg chaetotaxy is reliably known, with the exception of B . rossica ( W ang & N orton 1995), B . crassisetosa ( B ayartogtokh 2000) and B . californica ( N orton 1979 c ), 16 setae are found on tarsus III and 13 on tarsus IV ( G randjean 1936, B ulanova - Z achvatkina 1962, E nami 1994, T olstikov 1996, T olstikov & L yashchev 1996, B ayartogtokh 2000, 2004a). In this case only a single ventral seta, namely v1´, occurs on each of tarsi III and IV. Tokukobelba does not share this possibly derived trait. The tarsal setal count of legs III and IV of Tokukobelba is instead identi- cal to genera such as Dyobelba ( N orton 1979c, 1979d, B ayartogtokh et al. 2001, E nami & A ok i 2001, B ayartogtokh & N orton 2007) and Meta­ belba ( G randjean 1954, M ourek et al. 2011a). The tarsal setal formula of Tokukobelba appears to be highly derived and an autapomorphy of the genus. A oki (1984: p. 113) states that there are 21 setae on the tarsus of leg I of Tokukobelba japonica and he includes the famulus in the setal count. B ayar - togtokh (2000, p. 313) similarly counts 21 setae on tarsus I of T mongolica . These setal scores differ from those given by W ang & N orton (1995) for Chinese specimens of T verrucosa and T sellnicki and also from those obtained by F ujita & F ujikawa (1986) for T barbata . These authors discovered 22 setae on tarsus I, which agrees with results obtained for specimens of T compta collected by me in southern Germany. In T itsu­ kiensis setae v1´, v1´´, v2´ and v2´´ are similarly found on tarsus I based on F ujikawa (2011, Fig. 3a). The illustration of leg I presented by A oki (1984, p. 113, Fig. 6c) shows the tarsus with the two solenidia ω 1 and ω 2, and 19 setae, includ- ing the famulus. Only 6 setae are shown situated on the tarsal bulb, instead of the 9 present in, for example, T barbata and the 8 that would be