Carolinea 78

8 Carolinea 78 (2020) ty of the buccal and lingual longitudinal sides is weak, resulting in a low degree of molar flare. The m3 from Mauer measures 12.5 mm in mesiodistal length (MDL), 8.2 mm in mesial breadth (MB), and 7.7 mm in distal breadth (DB). The roots are largely preserved; only their distal tips are broken off. Apically of all four cusps are slight planes of attrition, which are identifiable as initial wear facets. On the protoconid and (to a lesser extent) on the hypoconid small patches of the dentine are exposed; these are not present on the lingual cusps. The enamel is white, slightly off white. The den- tine is white to yellow-orange in surface colour, with a few black spots of manganese minerali- zation. The preservation of the specimen under Figure 1. Macaca sylvanus ( L inneaus , 1758), isolated third lower molar (m3), right, from Mauer near Heidelberg, Grafenrain sand pit, ‘Mauerer Sande’ (SMNK-PAL 6630), a) occlusal, b) occlusal drawing, black areas: ages of enamel, dark grey areas: facets caused by attrition, light grey area: damage, c) buccal, d) lingual. Scale is 2 mm. Prd=protoconid, Med=metaconid, Hyd=hypoconid, End=entoconid, Hycd=hypoconulid and the Ts=tuberculum sex- tum with C1, C2 cusp1, 2, ’A=mesial fovea, ’B=talonid basin, ’C=distal fovea (nomenclature after K ay 1977, S zalay & D elson 1979, pictures were made with Kenyence VHX 5000).